This review article explores the relationship between performance monitoring, frontal cortex function, and psychiatric disorders by discussing findings from studies on macaques and humans, highlighting the identification of specific neurons associated with error monitoring and proposing a theoretical framework that offers new insights into error signal computation in both species.
This paper describes signals in the Supplementary Eye Field that are modulated after successful response inhibition. We describe the properties of these neurons across cortical layers, and how these signals relate to event-related potentials recorded over the scalp.
The finding of increased β-bursting over medial frontal cortex with movement cancellation in humans is difficult to reconcile with the finding of modulation too late to contribute to movement cancellation in medial frontal cortex of macaque monkeys. To obtain comparable measurement scales, we recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) over medial frontal cortex of macaques performing a stop signal (countermanding) task. We replicated the occurrence and modulation of β-bursts associated with the cancellation of movements, but we found that β-bursts occur too infrequently to account for observed stopping behavior. Unfortunately, this finding raises doubts whether β-bursts can be a causal mechanism of response inhibition, which impacts future applications in devices such as brain-machine interfaces.